Grammitis Sw.
Small erect or pendulous epiphytes, less often subepiphytes or rupestral. Rhizome dictyostelic, erect, ascending to short- or long-creeping, mostly short with crowded fronds, apex mostly denslely covered with scales, the scales basally attached, entire or ciliate, mostly +/- opaque brown. Fronds stipitate or subsessile, the stipes not articulate to the rhizome, lamina pendulous or erect, simple, elongate, spathulate, linear or linear-lanceolate or linear-oblanceolate, mostly entire, thin and translucent to thick and leathery, glabrescent, or with sparse or dense reddish simple, unicellular hairs, veins mostly forked, sometimes twice-forked, free, or rarely anastomosing irregularly without included veinlets. Sori round or slightly enlongate, sometimes an elongate coenosorus, generally in a single row either side of the costa, or scattered, superficial to deeply immersed in the lamina, borne on the basal acroscopic branch of each vein group, occasionally on other branches as well, the vein passing through the generally elongate receptacle or terminating in it, exindusiate, filamentous parphses sometimes present, sporangia on a uniseriate stalk, naked or sometimes setulose, annulus vertical, interrupted of c.18-21 thickened cells. Spores trilete, with chlorophyll.
Sect. Grammitis: lamina with black border (New World?)
Sect. Grammitastrum: lamina lacking black border (Old World?)
Key ex Parris 1983, Blumea 29: 25.
Species in Papuasia
| 1a. | Either stipe hairs with broad bases or lamina hairs on small conical projections | 2 |
| Stipe and/or lamina hairs not as above | 3 | |
| 2a. | Broad-based hairs always on stipe, lamina hairs never on small conical projections | G. scabristipes |
| Broad based hairs occasionally on stipe, lamina hairs always on small conical projections | G. tubercuata | |
| 3a. | White scales at least on some vein endings on upper surface of lamina | 4 |
| No white scales at vein endings on upper surface of lamina | 6 | |
| 4a. | Hairs on lamina margin and midvein below mostly tufted, up to 8-nate, much longer than those of the lamina undersurface | G. mollipila |
| Hairs on lamina margin and mid vein below solitary or binate, about as long as those on lamina undersurface, or lamina under surface glabrous | 5 | |
| 5a. | Rhizome short- to long-creeping; lamina hairs only on margin; lateral veins invisible in transmitted light | G. archboldii |
| Rhizome erect; laminar hairs on midvein beneath and margin, sometimes upper and lower surface also; lateral veins visible in transmitted light | G. ornatissima | |
| 6a. | Lamina with 2 or more rows of sori on each side of the midvein, sometimes the second row only partly (but more than half) complete | 7 |
| Lamina with one row of sori on each side of the midvein, occasionally with fragments (less than half) of a second row | 11 | |
| 7a. | Lamina hairs only on margin, or sometimes also on midvein beneath | 8 |
| Lamina hairs on margin, midvein beneath and lower surface of lamina (sometimes lost from lower surface, except amongst sori) | 9 | |
| 8a. | Stipe hairs (0.3-) 0.8-1.6 (-2)mm; lamina entire | G. archboldii |
| Stipe hairs 0.1-0.3 (-0.6mm); lamina often crenate | G. sumatrana | |
| 9a. | Lamina hairs up to 0.3mm | G. torricelliana |
| Lamina hairs more than 0.6mm | 10 | |
| 10a. | Lamina 0.8-1.3 cm wide; lamina hairs 0.7-1.5mm; 1st branch of lateral vein directed towards lamina apex | G. subreticulata |
| Lamina 1.4-2.6 cm wide; lamina hairs 1.5-3.0mm; 1st branch of lateral vein directed towards lamina base | G. excelsa | |
| 11a. | Sori sunken in steep-sided pits which may have a slightly prominent rim (remove sporangia!) | 12 |
| Sori on surface of lamina or slightly sunken in shallow open depressions without a slightly prominent rim (remove sporangia!) | 23 | |
| 12a. | Lamina less than 3cm; stipe more than twice as long as lamina | G. interrupta |
| Lamina more than 3cm; stipe shorter than or about as long as lamina | 13 | |
| 13a. | Longest sori narrowly elliptic in outline, each oblique to midvein | 14 |
| Longest sori +/- circular to elliptic or oblong in outline, each parallel to oblique to midvein | 15 | |
| 14a. | Lamina hairs less than 0.1 mm or absent | G. locellata |
| Lamina hairs 0.5-0.8mm | G. pseudolocellata | |
| 15a. | Stipe hairs (0.4-) 1.0 mm or longer | 16 |
| Stipe glabrous or with hairs 0.1-0.3mm | 18 | |
| 16a. | Stipe hairs more than 2.0mm; soral pits with slightly prominent rim | G. habbemensis |
| Stipe hairs up to 2.0mm; soral pits without slightly prominent rim | 17 | |
| 17a. | Stipe less than half as long as lamina |
G. impressa |
| Stipe about as long or longer than lamina | G. montana | |
| 18a. | Inner edge of soral pits with scattered hairs (remove sporangia!) | G. dictymioides |
| Inner edge of soral pits glabrous | 19 | |
| 19a. | Soral pits irregularly spaced, absent from numerous lateral veins in fertile part of frond; lamina thinly coriaceous | G. taeniophylla |
| Soral pits regularly spaced, on almost every lateral vein in fertile part of frond; lamina markedly coriaceous | 20 | |
| 20a. | Stipe glabrous | G. pleurogrammoides |
| Stipe with hairs 0.2-0.3mm | 21 | |
| 21a. | Upper surface of lamina with sparse to moderately frequent hairs | G. curtipila |
| Upper surface of lamina glabrous or with occasional hairs | 22 | |
| 22a. | A small hydathode occasionally at each vein ending on upper surface of lamina; sori not immediately below lamina apex | G. caespitosa |
| A small hydathode often at each vein ending on upper surface of lamina; sori usually immediately below lamina apex | G. loculosa | |
| 23a. | Rhizome scales ciliate | G. demissa |
| Rhizome scales glabrous or rarely absent | 24 | |
| 24a. | Lamina crenate, sometimes only at base | 25 |
| Lamina entire | 45 | |
| 25a. | Stipe glabrous or with hairs up to 0.3 mm (rarely with an occasional hair up to 0.6mm) | 26 |
| Most, if not all, stipe hairs more than 0.3mm | 34 | |
| 26a. | Lateral veins visible in transmitted light | 27 |
| Lateral veins invisible in transmitted light | 30 | |
| 27a. | Stipe glabrous | G. reducta |
| Stipe with hairs | 28 | |
| 28a. | Hairs of lamina undersurface medium to dark red-brown | G. torricelliana |
| Hairs of lamina undersurface whitish to very pale brown | 29 | |
| 29a. | Stipe more than 1cm | G. clavipila |
| Stipe 1 cm or less | G. adspersa | |
| 30a. | Lamina 1-2 mm wide | G. tenuis |
| Lamina more than 3 mm wide | 31 | |
| 31a. | Stipe with moderately to dense hairs 0.1-0.3 (- 0.6)mm; lamina (6-)10-18 (-26) mm wide | 32 |
| Stipe glabrous or with an occasional hair c.0.2mm; lamina (3-) 5-7 (-8) mm wide | 33 | |
| 32a. | Lamina undersurface glabrous | G. sumatrana |
| Lamina undersurface with hairs | G. torricelliana | |
| 33a. | Stipe much less than 1/3 as long as lamina | G. crenulata |
| Stipe at least 1/2 as long as lamina |
G. imberbis | |
| 34a. | Most fertile laterla veins 2-3-forked | 35 |
| Most fertile lateral veins 1-forked (or rarely some unbranched) | 38 | |
| 35a. | Lamina hairs occasional, ascending, usually on margin, occasionally also on midvein below | G. archboldii |
| Lamina hairs +/- patent, more frequent, or also on lamina on lamina undersurface, including amongst sori | 36 | |
| 36a. | Rhizome erect | G. ornatissima |
| Rhizome short- to long-creeping | 37 | |
| 37a. | Lamina hairs 0.5-1.0mm, frequent on all parts | G. hispida |
| Lamina hairs (0.4-) 0.8-2.6 (-4.5)mm, occasional to frequent, usually on upper surface, margin, midvein beneath and amongst sori, sometimes also on lower surface | G. knutsfordiana | |
| 38a. | Upper branch of lateral vein much shorter than lower | 39 |
| Upper branch of lateral vein as long as lower branch or a little shorter | 40 | |
| 39a. | Lamina more than 25cm | G. ornatissima |
| Lamina less than 20cm | G. reiwardtii | |
| 40a. | Lateral veins invisible in transmitted light, slightly prominent on both surfaces of lamina when dried | G. inconstans |
| Lateral veins visible in transmitted light, not prominent on upper surface of lamina and very occasionally slightly prominent at their base on lower surface of lamina | 41 | |
| 41a. | All lamina hairs less than 0.4mm, pale yellow-brown | G. silvicola |
| Some, if not all, lamina hairs more than 0.5mm, pale to dark red-brown, or pale yellowish red-brown | 42 | |
| 42a. | Stipe more than 2.5cm; sori at least 2mm; at more than 3000m altitude | G. meijer-dressii |
| Stipe less than 2.5cm; sori less than 2mm; at less than 2500m altitude | 43 | |
| 43a. | Each lateral branch ending not marked by a small hydathode on the upper surface of lamina; rhizome scales absent | G. coredosora |
| Each lateral branch ending usually marked by a small hydathode on the upper surface of lamina; rhizome scales present | 44 | |
| 44a. | Lamina hairs medium to dark red-brown | G. oblanceolata |
| Lamina hairs pale yellowish red-brown | G. ahenobarba | |
| 45a. | Many adjacent sori fused (examine young frond) | G. clemensiae |
| Sori not fused (or occasionally two adjacent sori fused) | 46 | |
| 46a. | All or most lateral veins forked twice or more | 47` |
| All or most lateral veins once-forked | 70 | |
| 47a. | Stipe glabrous | 48 |
| Stipe with hairs, or if stipe absent, then basal 1 cm of lamina with hairs | 50 | |
| 48a. | Lamina glabrous | G. fasciata |
| Lamina with hairs on margin, sometimes also on midvein below | 49 | |
| 49a. | Lamina hairs 0.2-0.3 (-0.5)mm, on margin and midvein below; sori in middle 1/4-1/2 of lamina | G. mesocarpa |
| Lamina hairs (0.1-) 0.3-0.6 (-0.8)mm, only on margin; sori in upper 1/6-1/2 of lamina | G. padangensis | |
| 50a. | Lamina hairs only on midvein below and/or margin | 51 |
| Lamina hairs on undersurface of lamina including amongst sori, usually on midvein below and margin also, or on upper surface of lamina | 56 | |
| 51a. | Cells of hizome scales with several complete and incomplete cross-walls | G. dolichosora |
| Cells of rhizome scales without cross-walls | 52 | |
| 52a. | All or most stipe hairs more than 0.8mm | 53 |
| All or most stipe hairs 0-.8 mm or less | 54 | |
| 53a. | Lamina hairs only on margin | G. archboldii |
| Lamina hairs on margin and midvein below | G. knutsfordiana | |
| 54a. | Stipe hairs 0.1-0.3 (- 0.6) mm | G. sumatrana |
| Stipe hairs 0.4 - 0.8 (- 1.0) mm | 55 | |
| 55a. | Lamina hairs on margin and midvein below | G. mesocarpa |
| Lamina hairs only on margin | G. padangensis | |
| 56a. | Hairs only on midveins below and amongst sori, not or very occasionally on lamina undersurface | 57 |
| Hairs widespread on lamina undersurface | 58 | |
| 57a. | Stipe less than 2cm; lamina more than 5 mm wide | G. reinwardtii |
| Stipe more than 2cm; lamina less than 5 mm wide | G. salticola | |
| 58a. | All stipe hairs 0.1-0.2 mm | G. torricelliana |
| All or most stipe hairs more than 1.0mm | 59 | |
| 59a. | Stipe hairs whitish to pale yellow | 60 |
| Stipe hairs pale to medium or dark red-brown | 61 | |
| 60a. | Lamina 2.7 - 3.5 x 0.4-0.5cm; spores (37-)38-43 (-44)mm; at c.2840m altitude | G. murrayanum |
| Lamina (1.8-) 4.1-8.9 (-11.5) x (0.4-) 0.5-0.7 (-0.8)cm; spores (25-) 29-35 (-42)mm; from 3400-3900 m altitude | G. trichopoda | |
| 61a. | Hairs of margin and midvein below c.2.5-3.5mm, solitary to 5-nate, hairs of undersurface of lamina solitary, 0.5-2.0 (-4.0)mm | G. crinifera |
| Hairs of margin and midvein below not markedly different from those of lamina undersurface | 62 | |
| 62a. | All lamina hairs 1 mm or less | G. hispida |
| At least some lamina hairs more than 1mm | 63 | |
| 63a. | Lateral veins slightly prominent on either or both surfaces of lamina when dried | G. knutsfordiana |
| Lateral veins not prominent on surfaces of lamina when dried | 64 | |
| 64a. | All stipe and lamina hairs less than 2.0 mm | 65 |
| Some, if not most, stipe and lamina hairs more than 2.0mm | 67 | |
| 65a. | Lamina more than 14cm | G. subreticulata |
| Lamina less than 13cm | 66 | |
| 66a. | Stipe more than 3cm | G. trichopoda |
| Stipe less than 2cm | G. collina | |
| 67a. | Stipe and lamina hairs frequent to moderately dense | G. nigropaleata |
| Stipe and lamina hairs sparse to moderately frequent | 68 | |
| 68a. | Lamina hairs medium red-brown | G. intromissa |
| Lamina hairs dark red-brown | 69 | |
| 69a. | Lamina more than 25cm | G. ornatissima |
| Lamina less than 15cm | G. tomaculosa | |
| 70a. | Upper branch of lateral vein shorter than lower branch | 71 |
| Upper branch of lateral vein about as long as lower branch | 83 | |
| 71a. | All or most lamina hairs more than 1mm | 72 |
| All lamina hairs less than 0.8mm, or lamina glabrous | 76 | |
| 72a. | Lateral veins invisible in transmitted light | 73 |
| Lateral veins visible in transmitted light | 74 | |
| 73a. | Hairs amongst the sori longer than elsewhere on the lamina | G. rupestris |
| Hairs amongst the sori about as long as those elsewhere on the lamina | G. reinwardtii | |
| 74a. | Lamina more than 25cm | G. orantissima |
| Lamina less than 20cm | 75 | |
| 75a. | Lamina hairs occasional to sparse; lamina (2-) 3-5 (-6) mm wide | G. hirtiformis |
| Lamina hairs scattered to frequent; lamina (3-) 4-8 (-9) mm wide | G. reinwardtii | |
| 76a. | Lateral veins visible in transmitted light | 77 |
| Lateral veins invisible in transmitted light | 79 | |
| 77a. | Lamina hairs pale to dark red-brown, moderately frequent to sparse on upper surface of lamina | G. curtipila |
| Lamina hairs whitish to very pale brown, or if pale to dark red-brown, absent from upper surface of lamina | 78 | |
| 78a. | Lamina less than 10cm | G. adspersa |
| Lamina at least 12cm | G. viridula | |
| 79a. | Cells of rhizome scales with several complete and incomplete cross-walls | G. dolichosora |
| Cells of rhizome scales without cross-walls | 80 | |
| 80a. | Stipe hairs at least 1mm | G. ceratocarpa |
| Stipe hairs c. 0.1-0.2 mm or absent | 81 | |
| 81a. | Stipe glabrous or with occasional hairs; lamina hairs occasional on midvein below | G. viridula |
| Stipe hairs scattered to moderately frequent; lamina hairs at least on margin and midvein below | 82 | |
| 82a. | Lamina coriaceous, hairs on midvein below all simple eglandular, solitary to 3-nate | G. curtipila |
| Lamina membranous, hairs on midvein velow both simple and eglandular and 1- 2-forked with all branches eglandular | G. glossophylla | |
| 83a. | Stipe glabrous (if stipe absent, then base of midvein on lamina undersurface glabrous) | 84 |
| Stipe with hairs (is stipe absent, then base of midvein on lamina undersurface with hairs) | 94 | |
| 84a. | Lamina glabrous | 85 |
| Lamina with hairs | 89 | |
| 85a. | Lateral veins visible in transmitted light | 86 |
| Lateral veins invisible in transmitted light | 87 | |
| 86a. | Lamina less than 4cm | G. reducta |
| Lamina more than 7cm | G. clavipila | |
| 87a. | Lamina less than 8cm | G. clemensiae |
| Lamina more than 9 cm | 88 | |
| 88a. | Rhizome scales ovate to broadly ovate, obtuse, less than 3mm | G. fasciata |
| Rhizome scales lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, subacute to acute, more than 3mm | G. subfasciata | |
| 89a. | All or most lamina hairs more than 0.5mm | G. clemensiae |
| All or most lamina hairs less than 0.5mm | 90 | |
| 90a. | Lamina at least 2 mm wide | 91 |
| Lamina 1-2 mm wide | 92 | |
| 91a. | Lamina (2-) 3-4 (-5) mm wide | G. graminifolia |
| Lamina (3-) 4-11 (-17) mm wide | G. subfasciata | |
| 92a. | Lamina hairs 0.1-0.2 mm on margin only | G. tenuis |
| Lamina hairs 0.2 mm long or longer, at least on both margin and midvein below | 93 | |
| 93a. | Lamina at least 3cm | G. papuensis |
| Lamina less than 2cm | G. merrillii | |
| 94a. | Lamina glabrous | 95 |
| Lamina with hairs | 97 | |
| 95a. | Stipe hairs to 0.3mm | G. frigida |
| Stipe hairs at least 0.5mm | 96 | |
| 96a. | Lamina more than 7cm | G. ceratocarpa |
| Lamina up to 7cm | G. clemensiae | |
| 97a. | Lamina hairs only on margin, or on margin and midvein below | 98 |
| Lamina hairs elsewhere on lamina, not restricted to margin and midvein below | 104 | |
| 98a. | All or most of lamina hairs more than 0.7mm | G. oblanceolata |
| All lamina hairs 0.7 mm or less | 99 | |
| 99a. | Cells of rhizome scales with several complete and incomplete cross-walls | G. dolichosora |
| Cells of rhizome scales without cross-walls | 100 | |
| 100a. | Stipe hairs at least 1.0mm | G. ceratocarpa |
| Stipe hairs 0.8 mm or less | 101 | |
| 101a. | Stipe hairs more than 0.5mm | G. mesocarpa |
| Stipe hairs less than 0.5mm | 102 | |
| 102a. | Hairs of lamina margin blackish, ascending | G. graminifolia |
| Hairs of lamina margin translucent with red-brown cross-walls, +/- patent | 103 | |
| 103a. | Lamina (2-) 3-5 (-7) mm wide; in upper montane to subalpine vegtation types | G. frigida |
| Lamina 1-2 mm wide; in midmontane forest | G. tenuis | |
| 104a. | All stipe hairs less than 0.4mm | G. frigida |
| All or most stipe hairs 0.5 mm or longer | 105 | |
| 105a. | Lateral veins visible in transmitted light | 106 |
| Lateral veins invisible in transmitted light | 116 | |
| 106a. | All lamina hairs 0.1 mm or less | 107 |
| All or at least some lamina hairs more than 0.1mm | 109 | |
| 107a. | Stipe hairs 1.0 mm or longer | G. ahenobarba |
| Stipe hairs 0.5-1.0mm | 108 | |
| 108a. | Hairs on all parts of lamina | G. coredosora |
| Hairs only on lower surface of lamina and midvein below | G. silvicola | |
| 109a. | Rhizome scales absent (dissect out stipe bases!) | G. parva |
| Rhizome scales present | 110 | |
| 110a. | Lamina hairs frequent | 111 |
| Lamina hairs occasional to moderately frequent | 112 | |
| 111a. | Rhizome scales dark brown | G. debilifolia |
| Rhizome scales medium red-brown | G. trogophylla | |
| 112a. | Lamina (2-) 3-5 mm wide | 113 |
| Lamina (4-) 5 to at least 7 mm wide | 114 | |
| 113a. | Lamina obtuse at apex; both lamina surfaces usually glabrous | G. oblanceolata |
| Lamina acute to acuminate at apex; hairs occasional on both surfaces of lamina | G. collina | |
| 114a. | Lamina hairs dark red-brown | G. tomaculosa |
| Lamina hairs medium red-brown | 115 | |
| 115a. | Rhizome +/- erect to short-creeping, producing stipes up to 2 mm apart; rhizome scales (0.7-) 1.0-2.0 (-2.2) mm | G. intromissa |
| Rhizome short- to long-creeping, producing stipes up to 13 mm apart; rhizome scales (1.8-) 2.0-3.4 (-3.5)mm | G. trichopoda | |
| 116a. | All or most stipe hairs less than 1.0mm | 117 |
| All or most stipe hairs more than 1.0mm | 118 | |
| 117a. | Stipe (1-) 3-18 (-31)mm | G. clemensiae |
| Stipe 1-2 mm or absent | G. rupestris | |
| 118a. | Lamina hairs mostly amongst sori, occasional on margina and scattered on midvein below, not elsewhere on lamina surface | G. salticola |
| Hairs on all parts of lamina | 119 | |
| 119a. | Rhizomes scales dark brown to dark red-brown | 120 |
| Rhizome scales pale to medium red-brown | 123 | |
| 120a. | Lamina (2-) 3-5 mm wide | G. debilifolia |
| Lamina (4-) 5 to at least 8 mm wide | 121 | |
| 121a. | Stipe hairs moderately dense and laminar hairs frequent | G. nigropaleata |
| Stipe and lamina hairs sparse to moderately frequent | 122 | |
| 122a. | Lamina 3.2-19.1 (-40+)cm; lamina hairs medium red-brown | G. intromissa |
| Lamina (1.6-) 1.9-6.1 (-12.1)cm; hairs dark red-brown | G. tomaculosa | |
| 123a. | Stipe and lamina hairs frequent | G. trogophylla |
| Stipe and lamina hairs scattered to moderately frequent | 124 | |
| 124a. | Lamina (1-) 2-3 (-4) mm wide | G clemensiae |
| Lamina (4-) 5 mm or more wide | 125 | |
| 125a. | Lamina hairs dark red-brown | 126 |
| Lamina hairs medium red-brown | 127 | |
| 126a. | Lateral veins not prominent on the lower surface of lamina when dried; lamina hairs (0.5-) 1.5-3.7 (-4.0)mm | G. tomaculosa |
| Lateral veins slightly prominent on the lower surface of lamina when dried; lamina hairs 1.0-2.5mm | G. reptans | |
| 127a. | Rhizome +/- erect to short-creeping, producing stipes up to 2 mm apart; rhizome scales (0.7-) 1.0-2.0 (-2.2)mm | G intromissa |
| Rhizome short- to long-creeping, producing stipes up to 13 mm apart; rhizome scales (1.8-) 2.0-3.4 (-3.5) mm | G. trichopoda |
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